SAN DIEGO, May 18 (UPI) — Inhalation of some particulates can cause some genes to become reprogrammed, affecting the development and outcome of cancers, Italian researchers said. Dr. Andrea Baccarelli of the University of Milan enrolled 63 healthy subjects who worked in a foundry near Milan. Blood DNA samples were collected on the morning of the first day of the work week, and again after three days of work. Comparing these samples revealed that significant changes had occurred in four genes associated with tumor suppression.

“The changes were detectable after only three days of exposure to particulate matter, indicating that environmental factors need little time to cause gene reprogramming which is potentially associated with disease outcomes,” Baccarelli said said in a statement.

“As several of the effects of particulate matter in foundries are similar to those found after exposure to ambient air pollution, our results open new hypotheses about how air pollutants modify human health. The changes in DNA methylation we observed are reversible and some of them are currently being used as targets of cancer drugs.”

The findings were presented at the 105th International Conference of the American Thoracic Society in San Diego.

© 2009 United Press International, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

ScienceDaily (Apr. 30, 2009) — The 10th annual American Lung Association State of the Air report released April 29 finds that six out of ten Americans–186.1 million people — live in areas where air pollution levels endanger lives.

State of the Air 2009 acknowledges substantial progress against air pollution in many areas of the country, but finds nearly every major city still burdened by air pollution. Despite America’s growing “green” movement, the air in many cities became dirtier. The State of the Air report includes a national air quality “report card” that assigns A-F grades to communities across the country. The report also ranks cities and counties most affected by the three most widespread types of pollution (ozone—or smog, annual particle pollution, and 24-hour particle pollution levels) and details trends for 900 counties over the past decade.

This should be a wake-up call. We know that air pollution is a major threat to human health,” said Stephen J. Nolan, American Lung Association National Board Chair. “When 60 percent of Americans are left breathing air dirty enough to send people to the emergency room, to shape how kids’ lungs develop, and to kill, air pollution remains a serious problem.”

“We need to renew our commitment to providing healthy air for all our citizens—a commitment the United States made almost 40 years ago when Congress passed the Clean Air Act,” Connor said. “After four decades, we still have much work to do. America needs to cut emissions from big polluters like coal-fired power plants and ocean-going vessels. We need to fix old dirty diesel engines to make them cleaner and strengthen the ozone standards to better protect our health. We also need to improve the decaying infrastructure of air monitors. America must now enforce the laws that help us improve our nation’s air quality.”

As America faces the challenges of air pollution, global warming and energy, the American Lung Association urges Congress, the EPA and individuals to choose solutions that help solve all three challenges together. Some steps that sound like good solutions for one problem can make air pollution worse.

Americans can make personal changes to improve air quality immediately and ultimately impact climate change as well: drive less; don’t burn wood or trash; use less electricity; and make sure local school systems require clean school buses.

Cleanest Cities In USA

Cleanest U.S. Cities for Short-term Particle Pollution (24 Hour PM2.5)
*Cities below had equal scores.
Alexandria, La.
Amarillo, Texas
Austin-Round Rock, Texas
Bismarck, N.D.
Brownsville-Harlingen-Raymondville, Texas
Cheyenne, Wyo.
Colorado Springs, Colo.
Corpus Christi-Kingsville, Texas
Fargo-Wahpeton, N.D.-Minn.
Farmington, N.M.
Fort Collins-Loveland, Colo.
Grand Junction, Colo.
Longview-Marshall, Texas
Midland-Odessa, Texas
Oklahoma City-Shawnee, Okla.
Portland-Lewiston-South Portland, Maine
Pueblo, Colo.
Redding, Calif.
Salinas, Calif.
San Luis Obispo-Paso Robles, Calif.
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Goleta, Calif.
Santa Fe-Espanola, N.M.
Sioux Falls, S.D.
Tucson, Ariz.

10 Cleanest U.S. Cities for Long-term Particle Pollution (Annual PM2.5)
*Cities listed in rank order. Duplicate position numbers indicate ties.
1. Cheyenne, Wyo.
2. Santa Fe-Espanola, N.M.
3. Honolulu, Hawaii
4. Great Falls, Mont.
5. Flagstaff, Ariz.
6. Farmington, N.M.
7. Anchorage, Alaska
8. Tucson, Ariz.
9. Bismarck, N.D.
9. Salinas, Calif.

Cleanest U.S. Cities for Ozone Air Pollution
*Cities below had equal scores.
Billings, Mont.
Carson City, Nev.
Coeur D’Alene, Idaho
Fargo-Wahpeton, N.D.-Minn.
Honolulu, Hawaii
Laredo, Texas
Lincoln, Neb.
Port St. Lucie-Sebastian-Vero Beach, Fla.
Sioux Falls, S.D.

Most Polluted Cities in USA

10 U.S. Cities Most Polluted by Short-term Particle Pollution (24 Hour PM2.5)
*Cities listed in rank order. Duplicate position numbers indicate ties.
1. Pittsburgh-New Castle, Pa.
2. Fresno-Madera, Calif.
3. Bakersfield, Calif.
4. Los Angeles-Long Beach-Riverside, Calif.
5. Birmingham-Hoover-Cullman, Ala.
6. Salt Lake City-Ogden-Clearfield, Utah
7. Sacramento-Arden-Arcade-Yuba City, Calif.-Nev.
8. Logan, Utah
9. Chicago-Naperville-Michigan City, Ill.-Ind.-Wis.
9. Detroit-Warren-Flint, Mich.

U.S. Cities Most Polluted by Year-Round Particle Pollution (Annual PM2.5)
*Cities listed in rank order.
1. Bakersfield, Calif.
2. Pittsburgh-New Castle, Pa.
3. Los Angeles-Long Beach-Riverside, Calif.
4. Visalia-Porterville, Calif.
5. Birmingham-Hoover-Cullman, Ala.
6. Hanford-Corcoran, Calif.
7. Fresno-Madera, Calif.
8. Cincinnati-Middletown-Wilmington, Ohio-Ky.-Ind.
9. Detroit-Warren-Flint, Mich.
10. Cleveland-Akron-Elyria, Ohio

U.S. Cities Most Polluted by Ozone
*Cities listed in rank order.
1. Los Angeles-Long Beach-Riverside, Calif.
2. Bakersfield, Calif.
3. Visalia-Porterville, Calif.
4. Fresno-Madera, Calif.
5. Houston-Baytown-Huntsville, Texas
6. Sacramento-Arden-Arcade-Yuba City, Calif.-Nev.
7. Dallas-Fort Worth, Texas
8. Charlotte-Gastonia-Salisbury, N.C.-S.C.
9. Phoenix-Mesa-Scottsdale, Ariz.
10. El Centro, Calif.

*This was an abridged version of the article posted on ScienceDaily for the full article see: sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/04/

The full State of the Air report can be found at www.stateoftheair.org.

Contact: Chris Rink of NASA, +1-757-864-6786, +1-757-344-7711, christopher.p.rink@nasa.gov
HAMPTON, Va., April 16
PRNewswire-USNewswire

Air pollution in the United States impacts human health, costs American farmers billions of dollars annually in crop loss and reduced productivity, and decreases the vitality of U.S. forests especially in the east.

Dr. Jack Fishman, a senior research scientist at NASA’s Langley Research Center, will speak at Thomas Nelson Community College on April 21, 2009, as part of NASA’s weeklong celebration of Earth Day. Entitled “Satellite Observations of Air Pollution: Local Impacts Seen from a Global Perspective,” the talk will focus on how NASA scientists have used satellite measurements to observe and understand the complex interaction between local sources of pollution and how the Earth’s atmosphere has been modified on a global scale.

Since the 1970s, scientists and engineers at NASA Langley have been in the forefront of measuring air pollution from space. They are developing the next generation of instruments to better understand the mechanisms that lead to widespread air pollution episodes and to better forecast the impact of such events. Fishman has been a research scientist for 35 years studying the composition of the troposphere and developing computer models that provide insight into the processes controlling atmospheric chemistry. For the past two decades, he has been a pioneer in the use of existing satellites to study global pollution.

At NASA Langley, researchers are working to find answers to questions that affect the health of the planet and the people on it. For more information:

http://science.larc.nasa.gov/
www.nasa.gov/earthday

By Humphrey Hawksley
BBC News correspondent
April 12, 09
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/7946838.stm

It has taken a quarter of a century, but US researchers say their work has finally enabled them to determine to what extent city air pollution impacts on average life expectancy. The project tracked the change of air quality in 51 American cities since the 1980s. During that time general life expectancy increased by more than two and half years, much due to improved lifestyles, diet and healthcare. But the researchers calculated more than 15% of that extra time was due to cleaner air. “We think about five months of that is due to the improvement of air quality,” said Dr Douglas Dockery, head of the Environmental Health Department at Harvard School of Public Health in Boston, which undertook the research. He added that, due to the relatively clean air in the US, the impact was far larger than anticipated.

Dr Dockery said there were many factors which had an impact on life expectancy. But he added: “Clean or dirty air is something that is being imposed on you. “You do have a choice on whether you smoke, drink, exercise or what type of food you eat. But you do not have a choice on what air you breathe.” Dr Dockery believes that if his research was transposed onto the heavily polluted cities of the developing world, such as Beijing or Mexico City, the life expectancy impact would be far greater. “We would be talking about several years,” he said. “We looked at fine particles that penetrate deep in the lungs, those that are not caught in the nose and the mouth, and directly damage the blood vessels. Most of those come from combustion, from automobiles, diesel trucks and buses and power plants.”

Dr Dockery hopes his findings will encourage governments to work towards making air even cleaner over the next 25 years. Even in Boston, which has comparatively clean city air, pollution levels change suddenly from being safe to highly dangerous. Bruce Hill, a scientist with the Clean Air Task Force, measured two sets of pollution levels. One was on a bridge over a highway with only cars and the other over a highway with diesel-powered trucks. “Just now that truck passed and the levels spiked up to five times higher than they were in the rest of the city,” said Hill. “Now, see, it’s gone 25 times higher.” From there he went down onto the underground platform of a commuter train station. “This is bad,” he said. “The monitors can’t go any higher, meaning the level here could be a hundred time higher than the cleaner air outside. “Some people commute for five per cent of the day, which is the amount of time they’re being exposed to these particles.”

Hill describes the damage caused by regularly breathing such air as like living with someone who smokes. In the long term, he argued, it can cause cancer and cardio-vascular problems. In the short term, it can create asthma attacks and allergies. Cait Maas, who already has a respiratory problem, lives in an apartment that looks out on a shipping terminal, an oil depot and a multi-lane highway. A main road near her home is a key route for diesel trucks. “On a bad day, I can taste the particles. I feel them constricting my airways and I have to cover my mouth so that I can breathe.”

Over the next generation, however, it’s expected that pollution, especially that created by dangerous diesel particles, will be cut dramatically. Standard filters are now being fitted to buses. Bio-fuels and cleaner energy in general, brought about by climate change pressures, will make the air safer.

Signs may help curb idling

Utah Moms for Clean Air, Recycle Utah join with Artists’ Association

Greg Marshall, Of the Record staff

http://www.parkrecord.com/ci_11907320?source=email

Posted: 03/13/2009 04:09:34 PM MDT

It may not be the most insidious of social ills, but idling cars waste gas and cause unnecessary pollution. Turning off engines during long waits adds up to cleaner air, advocates say.The Park City Professional Artist Association joined the Summit County chapter of Utah Moms for Clean Air and Recycle Utah Tuesday at the Kimball Art Center to paint signs encouraging drivers to turn off their engines while they wait to pick up children from school.

The signs, painted on reused sandwich boards collected from Recycle Utah, will be given to elementary schools in the area. Marsh Painting, Inc., donated the paint for the project to make it more eco-friendly. “We wanted to give back to the community without spending a ton of money,” said Bruce Larrabee, the owner of Artworks, 461 Main St., and a member of the association.

The sign-making project was the first time the association collaborated with Utah Moms for Clean Air, which started a chapter in Park City just last year.

The artists association is a nonprofit organization meant to help artists network with galleries, patrons and consumers in Summit and Wasatch Counties, says Gincy Carrington Plummer, one of the heads of the organization. About 50 artists meet on the second Tuesday of every month for seminars on a variety of topics. April’s meeting will focus on breaking into the wholesale market. The artists’ association holds its annual membership drive in April, tentatively scheduled at The Sidecar. Membership costs $30 and plugs artisans into a website and registry.

Plummer and her colleagues also find ways to give back to Summit County. Partnering with the Kimball, the association raised $500 during the winter holidays selling handmade ornaments. The money will fund a scholarship given to a Park City High School student who wants to pursue art.

The artists will build birdhouses in the early spring for their next service project. People interested in joining the Park City Professional Artists Association should visit www.parkcityart.com for more information.

Newswise - Air pollution caused by traffic near the home affects asthma severity in children, resulting in repeated hospital encounters according to a study published this month in Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology, the scientific journal of the American College of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology (ACAAI).

Ralph J. Delfino, M.D., Ph.D., from the University of California, Irvine, and colleagues, studied records for 2,768 children from two hospitals in northern Orange County, Calif. Beginning with the first hospital encounter, investigators analyzed children’s estimated exposures at their home addresses to the traffic-related air pollutants nitrogen oxides (NOx) and carbon monoxide (CO). They estimated the risk of recurrent hospital encounters from exposure to air pollution using recurrent proportional hazards analysis, adjusting for sex, age, health insurance, census-derived poverty, race/ethnicity, residence distance to hospital, and season.

Previous studies have demonstrated that high home or school traffic density is associated with prevalence of diagnosed asthma, but the impact of exposure to traffic on repeated episodes of asthma requiring hospital care is unclear, they report.

“Traffic-related NOx and CO were associated with repeated hospital encounters for asthma in children, suggesting that local traffic-generated air pollution near the home affects asthma symptom severity,” the researchers write.

Approximately half of the repeated encounters in this study population occurred between ages 1 and 3 years. Based on their significant findings in infants with a primary diagnosis of asthma at their first hospital encounter, the authors suggest that early-life exposures to traffic pollutants may affect asthma severity and development.

Investigators did not find that children of lower socioeconomic status were at increased risk from air pollution exposures. They found evidence that this unexpected result was probably due to follow-up data that was less accurate in this group.

“Prospective environmental data are sparse for high-risk populations who present to the hospital with asthma exacerbations. Additional work with improved assessments of air pollutant exposures and asthma outcomes in such high-risk populations is likely to be fruitful given the present results,” conclude Dr. Delfino and his colleagues.

The American College of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology (ACAAI) is a professional medical organization headquartered in Arlington Heights, Ill., that promotes excellence in the practice of the subspecialty of allergy and immunology. The College, comprising more than 5,000 allergists-immunologists and related health care professionals, fosters a culture of collaboration and congeniality in which its members work together and with others toward the common goals of patient care, education, advocacy and research.

Citation: Delfino RJ, et al. Repeated hospital encounters for asthma in children and exposure to traffic-related air pollution near the home. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2009;102:138-144.

http://www.newswise.com/articles/view/549200/?sc=rsmn

The Salt Lake Tribune published a lengthy article about the state of our air, and the challenges to improving it. It will be difficult to change, but that gives us all the more reason to come together and work even harder to make a difference.

Article available here, and below.

“Dirty Air Problem is Growing
EPA set a deadline. It won’t be easy. In fact, the state says, ‘It’s going to be really hard.’
By Judy Fahys

The Salt Lake Tribune
02/08/2009

Air pollution made Young Han rethink a move from Seattle to Salt Lake City last winter. A runner and biker, he opted instead for Washington, D.C.

But now he has taken a job at a nonprofit in Utah’s capital city, and he wonders why the air pollution is still so bad.

“I’m surprised local authorities haven’t done more to improve air quality,” he said. “It’s very concerning.”

Han’s frustration is shared by newcomers and old-timers alike, and for good reason. The very air we have to breathe to live is also making us sick.

So, spells of nasty air — along with the strained breathing, stinging sinuses and other health problems they bring — have catapulted air quality to the top of the public agenda.

“This is what you call a grass-roots effort,” said Bill Love.

The Moab retiree is among those petitioning Gov. Jon Huntsman Jr. to appoint a new director for the Department of Environmental Quality who will crack down on air pollution.

State regulators are mobilizing, too. They’ve heard the public outcry. They also face new, tougher air-quality standards from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.

Last month, the Utah Division of Air Quality began a three-year process to update the “State Implementation Plan” to cut fine-particle pollution in northern Utah.

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A sobering special report on toxic air quality around America’s schools was published by USA Today.

In addition to getting more informed on the the issue by reading the articles and watching the videos, you can use USA Today’s online searchable database where you can find the level of toxics in the air at almost 128,000 public, private and parochial schools around the country. In Utah, 1,046 of the schools are ranked; 14 of our schools fall in the worst 5% of schools for air quality (meaning only 5% of the 128,000 schools ranked have worse air quality). Click here for report and to search for your child’s school.

If you have a child in a school with potential problems and want to do more, share the information with principal and other parents and invite them to join Utah Moms for Clean Air. Encourage your school to fully participate in an anti-idling campaign. You can also call the president of your school board or your city/town council to urge them to directly monitor toxic emissions exposure at our schools.

MomsRising, a national advocacy organization, is also sponsoring a petition at the national level to encourage our leaders to do more to make schools safe for children. Find information about the MomsRising nontoxic schools petition.